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- Subject: English
- Language: English
- Jonathan Swifts Gulliver's Travels
-
- Gulliver in Houynhnmland
- One of the most interesting questions about Gullivers Travels is
- whether the Houyhnhnms represent an ideal of rationality or whether on
- the other hand they are the butt of Swift's satire. In other words, in
- Book IV, is Swift poking fun at the talking horses or does he intend for
- us to take them seriously as the proper way to act? If we look closely at
- the way that the Houyhnhnms act, we can see that in fact Swift does not
- take them seriously: he uses them to show the dangers of pride.
- First we have to see that Swift does not even take Gullver
- seriously. For instance, his name sounds much like gullible, which
- suggests that he will believe anything. Also, when he first sees the
- Yahoos and they throw excrement on him, he responds by doing the same in
- return until they run away. He says, "I must needs discover some more
- rational being," (203) even though as a human he is already the most
- rational being there is. This is why Swift refers to Erasmus Darwins
- discovery of the origin of the species and the voyage of the Beagle--to
- show how Gulliver knows that people are at the top of the food chain.
- But if Lemule Gulliver is satirized, so are the Houyhnhnms, whose
- voices sound like the call of castrati. They walk on two legs instead of
- four, and seem to be much like people. As Gulliver says, "It was with the
- utmost astonishment that I witnessed these creatures playing the flute
- and dancing a Vienese waltz. To my mind, they seemed like the greatest
- humans ever seen in court, even more dextrous than the Lord Edmund Burke"
- (162). As this quote demonstrates, Gulliver is terribly impressed, but
- his admiration for the Houyhnhnms is short-lived because they are so
- prideful. For instance, the leader of the Houyhnhnms claims that he has
- read all the works of Charles Dickens, and that he can singlehandedly
- recite the names of all the Kings and Queens of England up to George II.
- Swift subtly shows that this Houyhnhnms pride is misplaced when, in the
- middle of the intellectual competition, he forgets the name of Queen
- Elizabeths husband.
- Swifts satire of the Houyhnhnms comes out in other ways as well.
- One of the most memorable scenes is when the dapple grey mare attempts to
- woo the horse that Guenivre has brought with him to the island. First she
- acts flirtatiously, parading around the bewildered horse. But when this
- does not have the desired effect, she gets another idea:
- "As I watched in amazement from my perch in the top of a tree, the sorrel
- nag dashed off and returned with a yahoo on her back who was yet more
- monstrous than Mr. Pope being fitted by a clothier. She dropped this
- creature before my nag as if offering up a sacrifice. My horse sniffed
- the creature and turned away." (145)
- It might seem that we should take this scene seriously as a failed
- attempt at courtship, and that consequently we should see the grey mare
- as an unrequited lover. But it makes more sense if we see that Swift is
- being satiric here: it is the female Houyhnhnm who makes the move, which
- would not have happened in eighteenth-century England. The Houyhnhm is
- being prideful, and it is that pride that makes him unable to impress
- Gullivers horse. Gulliver imagines the horse saying, Sblood, the notion
- of creating the bare backed beast with an animal who had held Mr. Pope on
- her back makes me queezy (198).
- A final indication that the Houyhnmns are not meant to be taken
- seriously occurs when the leader of the Houynhms visits Lilliput, where
- he visits the French Royal Society. He goes into a room in which a
- scientist is trying to turn wine into water (itself a prideful act that
- refers to the marriage at Gallilee). The scientist has been working hard
- at the experiment for many years without success, when the Houyhnmn
- arrives and immediately knows that to do: "The creature no sooner stepped
- through the doorway than he struck upon a plan. Slurping up all the wine
- in sight, he quickly made water in a bucket that sat near the door" (156).
- He has accomplished the scientists goal, but the scientist is not happy,
- for his livelihood has now been destroyed. Swifts clear implication is
- that even though the Houyhnhmns are smart, they do not know how to use
- that knowledge for the benefit of society, only for their own prideful
- agrandizement.
- Throughout Gullivers Travels, the Houyhnhms are shown to be an
- ideal gone wrong. Though their intent might have been good, they dont
- know how to do what they want to do because they are filled with pride.
- They mislead Gulliver and they even mislead themselves. The satire on
- them is particularly well explained by the new born Houyhnhm who, having
- just been born, exclaims, "With this sort of entrance, what must I expect
- from the rest of my life!" (178).
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